The Glass Ceiling is gone for women Research Paper

The Glass Ceiling is gone for women - Research make-up ExampleOf course, examples of favoritism in the workplace of some form will likely always channelise place but suggesting that somehow there has been a secretive, concerted, global conspiracy by immoral companies say against women is ludicrous. This essay discredits the glass ceiling myth by exploring the arguments by the faction who would support the premise and by introduce perspective and context into the discussion. Before examining the multiple aspects of the imagined wage gap in the workplace betwixt women and men, one undeniable facet should be addressed. This country functions on a capitalistic system. Companies sm totally told and large, in every service and industry, have one central objective which is to make money, the more the merrier. Consequently, it is an economic conclusion that if a corporation could employ women who would agree to 25 per centum less salary than a cosmos to do the same task, as is common ly claimed, they would only hire women. Since this hasnt occurred either home(a)ly or locally, it can be assumed that there exists no gender-based discrepancies in wages, no unspoken scheme to take away against females, no glass ceiling. A study which surveyed almost 900 companies of assorted sizes found that approximately half verbalise that it was at least somewhat probable its next CEO would be a woman. Forty old age ago this would not have been the case when women, motivated by economic need, began entering the workforce in greater numbers. However, forty historic period later, after women gradually became more career oriented, they are just as likely to assume the top position in businesses as men, right on schedule. It is only living to assume that there was a discrepancy among the genders in holding the upper echelon positions in the early years of the historic role redefinition that began in the early 1970s. However, the rhetoric of the feminist movement in those earl y years decrying the gap in pay and position has not changed since that time even though that gap has been all but eradicated as a result of the natural evolutionary assimilation process. (McNutt, 2002). In spite of all evidence to the contrary, the glass ceiling myth continues and has advanced to the point of being broadly thought of and veritable as true, but the circumstances have evolved over the past four decades. According to a national survey, today, a womens paycheck is about 97 percent the rate their male colleagues receive. The statistic that is usually cited when canvas womens earnings is they earn only 75 percent of what men are paid. This was substantiated by the Womens Policy Research in conjunction with the AFL-CIO. The cooperative study only included woman venerable 50 and older, most of which were not as highly educated as their male colleagues. When todays young women are in their 50s, this circumstance will not be the case, in fact, and the arctic will be. As opposed to the disco era, now, the majority of associate, bachelor and master degrees are awarded to women. Forty percent of doctorate degrees are accepted by women. This illustrates again how the times have changed but the arguments supporting the conception of glass ceiling have not (McNutt, 2002). Other research has shown that women, universally, earn about three-quarters what men receive. presumptuous this information is up to date, which

The history of The High School Journal Research Paper

The score of The towering School Journal - Research Paper ExampleThis then led to the conventional schools that we presently known as public schools. It has also undergone a wave of racial and sexual mixes that has transformed the learning system. Originally, education suffered from segregation, racism and social class. Children from rich families were educated in some of the best private schools objet dart those from poor families were left to toil in the public schools. Immigrants were also not allowed to freely engage in education and state funding rarely went to the development of schools in the predominant south.Women played an active affair in advocating for reforms in the education system. The United States education system has developed from a place whereby thither were few valuable skills imparted on adolescents as seen in progressivism. It has however undergone significant reforms everyplace the courses to ply for its multicultural population. These reforms have ho wever been attributed to historical events that contributed to the present education system.I chose to analyze the History of the High School Journal which published in the first issue in 1910. The journal has been issued every year since then and is lock being printed to date. This publication has been reviewed by several authors and continues to be the source of information on the advancements that are being made in the education sector.This period still had traces of the industrial revolution that had spilled over from the 19th century. It was a time of unprecedented economic growth at the height of industrial revolution. more young people had engaged in jobs and very few were to be found in classrooms. Colleges and another(prenominal) institutions of higher learning had not yet been well established. Measures in secondary education were also still undergoing significant changes with school libraries still being advocated for to improve learning.This period was characterized b y the great depression that started in 1929 and lasted the whole decade. There was limited

Causes of Lung Cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Causes of Lung Cancer - Essay ExampleDr. Oscar Auerbach and his colleagues conducted research (stretched over eight years) to investigate the colligate mingled with lung genus Cancer and smoking. 1500 male and female patients of lung arseholecer were studied and 100,000 slides of lung tissues were taken from their bodies. The degree of crab louse cells was much in patients who were mourning bandrs as compared to those who were not. The researchs findings were that the degree of cell damage was directly related to the count of cigarettes smoked per day. Dr. Auerbachs researched data contributed to the Surgeon Generals report which was published in 1964 (Adams). later on that time period, it was very common to associate lung washstandcer with smoking. Causes Studies targeted at derivation a descent between cigarettes and lung cancer started in 1948 at Washington Universitys School of Medicine and a student named Ernst Wynder tried connecting the dots. He did research in 19 50 that involved 649 lung cancer patients and 600 controls. Wynder discovered that the rate of lung cancer was 40 times higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. Richard Doll was a British scientist who discovered (in the same year) evidence encouraging the causal relationship between smoking and lung cancer. Doll researched on physicians, both who smoked and did not smoke and waited for years to see if any of them developed lung cancer. Undoubtedly the ones who did develop lung cancer were smokers (Johnson). There were a wide of 158,900 deaths in the USA in 1999 because of lung cancer and this figure included men and women both. The death toll for lung cancer patients in 1999 world over was 1 billion. But lung cancer was not this common in the 1800s and it was rare. In 1929, a German physician named Fritz Lickint pointed out in his report that lung cancer patients were majorly smokers and he was so mad by his findings that he started an anti-tobacco movement in Germany to discourag e smoking (Witschi). Before 1996, studies on causes of lung cancer-derived a relationship between lung cancer and smoking but the causes of lung cancer were not narrowed down to the cellular level. In 1996, Dr. Moonshong Tang and Dr. Gerd Pfeiffer explained how smoking affects cells and causes cancer. Both the doctors explained that cigarettes contain a chemical called benzopyrene and it damages p53, a protein found in lung cells. This protein is exactly the same as the protein found in lung cancer patients. The function of p53 is that it controls the abnormal growth of cells which can result in tumors. Benzopyrene damages p53 and the abnormal growth of cells cannot be controlled because of this (Adams). Specialists have worked on deriving a causal relationship between smoking and lung cancer. But epidemiological research has been done predominantly for deriving this relationship. Under epidemiological research, subjects are given the freedom of self-reporting their smoking habits a nd they do not have upright memories as a result of which facts are under- or overstated. Smoking can cause other types of cancer as well such as nasal cavity cancer, liver cancer, and stomach cancer. Lung cancer can be caused by all forms of smoking such as cigarettes, cigars, pipes or bidis (tobacco wrapped in a plant). When we say smoking causes cancer people generally assume that we are referring to active smoking. This is not arguable as lung cancer is also caused by passive smoking (Connie Henke Yarbro).

Importance of Financial Accounting of Government Affairs in World and Research Paper

richness of Financial Accounting of Government Affairs in World and More Specifically in Africa - interrogation Paper ExampleGovernment accounting system is the process that encompasses recording, analysis, classification, summary, communication, and interpretation of financial info about brass conduct in financial domain in aggregate. It is detailed reflection of transactions and other economic events involving the receipt, payments, spending, transfer, usability and disposition of assets and liabilities (Inter home(a) Federation of Accountants, 2000). 1.2 Purpose of Government Accounting Government disclosure in accounting provides citizen say and reasoning for the raising of funds from public and donors and domains where the said amount is made useful with its cost and benefits information also exportable from such statements. Government accounting is also an important source of information for national and international investors about how the economy is being run based on internal revenues, local or international debts. Information disclosed in government accounting statements are fulfillment of their right to live about the government strategy regarding the accounting and finance of the country (GASB 2006, p. 5). Government accounting, concisely, is required to serve the pastime three purposes based on their priority (Chan, 2003) BASIC PURPOSE Basic purpose of government accounting is to prevent and detect public treasury from corruption and graft. Citing report by the International Monetary shop (IMF) and the International Development Association, Thomas (2001, p. 38) mentioned that countries with heavy debt and poor state of economic stability lack the practices and procedures necessary for budgeting, monitoring, and insurance coverage on the use of public resources. INTERMEDIATE PURPOSE Intermediate purpose of government accounting is to check into the robust and thorough financial management of public resources through budget planning and presenting actual activities. say PURPOSE The advance purpose of government accounting is to help government ensure its accountability to public. To chance upon this purpose it is required to have efficiency on three levels accountability of the bureaucracy to the chief administrator, of the executive to the legislature, and of the government to the people. Transparency in government accounts serves to ensure efficiency in economy and a artillery unit against government theft and frauds. Accounting information fag end be used to monitor and enforce the terms of economic, social and political contracts when government conduct any market transaction its information from financial statements can be used for economic accounting of government. Similarly, when government levies any tax to finance its budgetary needs, expound regarding its need and benefit can be assessed for political accounting of government (Chan, 2003).Hence, accounting for government is more(prenominal) for ac countability as it involves public resources. Acknowledgment of the importance of government

Theories of Movement Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Theories of Movement get a line - Essay ExampleAccording to Schmidt and Wrisberg, there are at least two tracks of conceptualizing the shape motor skill which can be construed as a talk or an act, where motor skills can be discriminable along a number of aspects or on the basis of a variety of high-flying characteristics (Schmidt and Wrisberg, 2008). The second way construes to the conceptualization of motor skill in terms of the ability a person delineates while perform a movement. Utley and Astill, in their book, have stated that the motor skills can efficiently be implemented in the brain and nervous system as well and also that they can be improvised (Utley and Astill, 2008). The study in motor skills defines the field of measurement as well as movement, thereby, learning the ways to bind movement as a whole. This paper delineates the contrasting nature of both the theories of motor control, i.e. the open-loop and the closed-loop theory, thereby, stating examples which dem onstrate the opposite explanations of human coincidence-anticipation performance.In open loop controll... en loop system, the controller make indication is colonised on by the input signal from the computer or any other non-essential device. In receipt to in make better calculation of the system response, or the affect of some other occurrence in the output signal, the system might turn aside from the desired path. As a result, it is necessary for the controller to absorb that each part of the system is at its absolute position and has moved there at the correct maltreat. No feedback is conceived from the system, which would enable the controller to weigh against the actual position to the programmed position. In such a case, it is non possible for the controller to check and correct himself. Under this kind of a system, it is feasible to incline against the designated positions and paces, and not be able to correct the difficulties. This theory is significant for well-define d systems where the relationship between input and the successive state can be modeled by a mathematical formula. For example, determining the voltage to be supplied to an electric motor which drives a consistent load, so as to acquire a desired pace can be considered as an appreciable implementation of open-loop control system. However, on the other hand, if the load were not predictable, the motors pace might vary as an operation of the load as well as of the voltage. As a result, the open-loop controller would not be satisfactory enough to ensure the repeatable control of the speed. To embrace the open-loop control system, an example of a

League of Nations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

unify of Nations - Essay ExampleThe founders of the UN the most signifi slewt international organization of our times took the model of the League as a starting point for the new organization, based on the lessons learned from the experiences of the League (Grigorescu 36, 38). The League prove to be outstanding in the field of health preventing the spread of diseases. Its agency, the Health Organization later became the humans Health Organization. The transnational Labor Organization started in those days and continues to exist today. It also needs to be pointed out the work done in the Third World to break the status of women and child striver labor current issues among the non-governmental organizations and the UN. Drug smuggling was also targeted and in this aspect the League can be considered a precursor taking into account that before WWI only timid attempts were made in this issue. In addition, we need to bear in mind the foundation of the Leagues work in this roughly illimitable field the scientific publications (Sweetser 181).That is to say that the UN followed the structure of the League, inherited a number of agencies, and tried to improve them. The main organs of the League were the oecumenical Assembly formed by the Members of the League which main assess was to take root on the organizations policy (Article 3 of the Covenant adopted by the capital of France Peace Conference in April 1919)) the Council that included 4 permanent members (Britain, France, Italy and Japan) and 4 (later became 9) others elected by the General Assembly every 3 years.... Drug smuggling was also targeted and in this aspect the League can be considered a precursor taking into account that before WWI only timid attempts were made in this issue. In addition, we need to bear in mind the foundation of the Leagues work in this almost unlimited field the scientific publications (Sweetser 181).That is to say that the UN followed the structure of the League, inherited a number of agencies, and tried to improve them. The main organs of the League were the General Assembly formed by the Members of the League which main task was to decide on the organizations policy (Article 3 of the Covenant adopted by the Paris Peace Conference in April 1919) the Council that included 4 permanent members (Britain, France, Italy and Japan) and 4 (later became 9) others elected by the General Assembly every 3 years the Permanent Secretariat that prepared the agenda and published reports of the meetings (art.6) and it created the Permanent Court of International referee (art. 13) which has been previously recommended by the Second Hague Conference but no agreement had been achieved at that time (Donnell 404). When the UN was be the Council became the UN Security Council with the principal allies in WWII as the permanent members (UK, USSR, France, US and China) decisions are binding on all members, but unanimity is not required the Permanent Court of International Justice became the International Court of Justice and the General Assembly and the Secretariat remained. With the League, authorization for any action required both(prenominal) a unanimous vote by the Council and a majority vote in the Assembly (art.5) making decisions difficult to

Chu Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chu - Essay ExampleThe school has remained to be maven of the altenatives in the 11th century as a Confuniacism mainstream (Kim, 2000).Consequently, the ism need to be recommended because of the inherent come to that it holds. The philosophical system focuses on the social and moral problems which are perfect guidelines for leaders of Chu. The natural knowledge of philosophy is of great value to the leaders since they have a key role in investigation of things.Additionally, the philosophy are weighted heavily on the social and moral concerns with the objects and knowledge failing to be excluded sorting the wu conception (Kim, 2000). Closely related to the philosophical aspect is the belief that the moral order underlaid the natural instauration and offered a cosmic basis for the morality. This has been recognized by the founders of Neo-Confucian moral philosophy. That is the reason why the shift is considered as the key achievement since the philosophy exists without the help o f cultural tradition. The main outcome of the philosophy was a climb importance of moral cultivation in comparison with cultural accomplishments and

Individual report of approximately 1,000 words Coursework

Individual report of nearly 1,000 words - Coursework Examplenancial gain through gain in sales, reduced cost of operation, reduction in project overruns and reduction in the time taken to create strategic changes. The performance management bearing also involves motivating the workforce by optimizing plans, improving employee engagement, creating transparency, and conducting professional development programs. For improved management construe - a flexible, responsible management is required. The management should display info relationships, help audit and comply with the legislative requirements, simplify communications and provide documented system for communications.Spreadsheets are electronic tools similar to various new(prenominal) IT tools however the code and underlying structure is unknown (MacMillan, 2000). The main advantage of using spreadsheet is that it is easy and sincere to use. Moreover, no specific training is needed for using spreadsheets and employees can easil y create, distribute, manipulate and access the data of spreadsheets. However, there exist risks of uncontrolled spreadsheet used, which should be analysed to reduce errors.Spreadsheets are used for countless business functions and score calculations. It can be used for tracking workflow, for creating accounting estimates and for key financial reporting. Spreadsheets provide instant snapshots of a situation, which can be used for driving critical decisions.The research is based on production and renovation data of a firm which has been used to calculate the total expense and derive the selling hurt of finished products. The allocated costs related to printing, finishing, quality control and material handling has been provided in columns along the fag out hours and machine hours. The expense on employees, requisitions and maintenance is also given to get the calculations.The relocation cost of the admin segment is derived from the formula - Allocated Costs per Employee x Employe es without Administration (for printing). Excel sheet has been used

Product Assessment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Product Assessment - Research Paper ExampleThe research makeup describes how the usage of landline is endangered by the invention of new technology. The best foreign country where the foretell manufacturers of USA should market their products is in Ethiopia, Africa. The marketing strategies to target and position the products are also elaborated in the paper. 1. Landline Usage in USA During the 20th century, landline has been the only source of communication in USA. More or less either classhold had the access to landline for their communicating purpose with the extracurricular world. There mother been times when a particular village in USA used to ache only one anticipate and that phone has been their only source of communication with the outside world. Landline non only served as the only mode of communication for the people of USA at that time entirely it also acted as a savior in time of emergencies. The target market of landline in the 20th century was the upper clas s people who could afford the costly rental data links. Landline connection was not at all cheap for the lower income group. But with the advent of wireless phones and the Voice over internet Protocol (VoIP), the use of landline is slowly becoming obsolete. The people of USA are presently attracted towards the usage of mobile phones and they also prefer the usage of internet for communicating with their near ones, friends and others (Shimp 322). 2. Declining use of landline in USA The National wellness Interview Survey (NHIS) has identified that in June 2010 one of every four American homes has access to wireless telephones and they relied on its services. About 24.9% of the adults in households of USA have bedraggled the use landline and is using cubicle phones. 29% of the children in households are also using cellphone phones and thus in USA the need for landlines are becoming obsolete (Blumberg Wireless Substitution primeval Release of Estimates from the National Health In terview Survey 2010). In USA the subscription to wireless connections has risen from 33.8 million in 1995 to 322.9 million in June 2011 (American Community Survey). The reason behind this rising come in of cell phone users are due to its feature that it can be carried to whatever place. Cell phone has the advantage of communicating with anybody at any point of time. The texting option has also become popular among the youths of USA, which has completely removed the use of landline by the youth. (US Wireless Industry) Another reason for landline becoming obsolete is the injection of 3G in the USA market. 3G Internet connections have made it possible for the down to communicate with their close ones more conveniently through video chat. It has been seen that USA has the most unique subscribers of 3G than any countries (Submissions Accepted for MobileCON 2013 Best Mobile IT Solutions of the Year). About 32.9 % of the people living in poverty have also been using wireless telephone s of cell phones. This shows the popularity of cell phones among all classes of people in USA. This also implies that cell phone connections are quite affordable (Blumberg Wireless Substitution Early Release of Estimates from the National Health Interview Survey 2010). It has been said for color television it took 21 years to reach every house of the

Improvement of Writing in the English Course Essay

Improvement of Writing in the English Course - taste ExampleThe first aspect of improvement was noted was with regards to use and misuse of certain types of observation. For instance, m both of the meters that were exhibited in the essay in question showed no sign appropriate modulation for defendant and the clauses. This is, of production line, a bother due to the fact that without proper punctuation mark for longer sentences, a danger of run-on sentences is created. Moreover, without clear punctuation on the sentences, it was possible for the reader to become lost in this the master(prenominal) lodge of what was being stated. A further issue was noted with regards to the way in which, as were used. This was probably partly out of veneration that they would be used incorrectly if used at all however, without utilizing proper comments within the paper, the break away and main points they were attempting to be related to the reader were almost invariably lost. Although these t wo aspects of punctuation with the most common, there was overly the technical problem exhibited on more than one occasion of the subject for agreement. This is, of rowing, an issue that many non-native speakers bark to exhibit in their work yet, it is something that I found is been greatly improved during this particular course. More than further gaining a better understanding of what birds should be used in what way with which subjects, the better identification of how this course is helped educate me is with regards to the fact of how I am almost nearly always aware of the fact that I need to focus upon this aspect of writing.... of what birds should be used in what way with which subjects, the better identification of how this course is helped educate me is with regards to the fact of how I am almost nearly always aware of the fact that I need to focus upon this aspects of writing. From the non-technical standpoint, the writing in the previous essay exhibited a clear lack of flow and organization. It is easy to argue that one of the most important aspects of any essay is not linked nor the direct of language that is use rather, it is the ability to assist sinks we and clearly state what the main points are and relate them in an organized and coherent manner. This is does not mean to say that the essay was completely disorganized or without any sense. Instead, what was noted after a careful review of the essay was the fact that it oftentimes displayed a inquire style and did not adhere to the points of the thesis topics of each and every paragraph. Instead, additional information that was somewhat tangentially related to the subject matter was oftentimes included as an aside. More than merely being distracting, this devote led to the essay losing overall coherence and not being able to express itself adequately to the reader. As a means of correcting such a practice, Ive come to the realization that it is absolutely necessary to adumbrate each and e very essay prior to writing and be forever mindful of topic sentence and thesis sentence for each and every paragraph. This helps the writer as a means of staying on point and fully developing the ideas at hand rather than rushing on to new and unrelated information. another(prenominal) aspect of the students writing that is greatly benefited from the English course is with regards to the level of broad and otherwise unsubstantiated statements that were

Previous Leisure Activities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Previous Leisure Activities - audition ExampleIn my family, one had observed through the years that my parents idea of entertainment and recreation is watch sporting heretoforets with friends and family members. They would host parties to watch games and they also went to many local sporting events. They were big Lakers, Rams, and Dodger fans. I remember they would creatively indulge their guests to die hard different activities while watching each sporting event. For the crack bowl, for instance, they would decorate the house in the colors of both teams. As one team would score, fans for that team would profligate down decorations from the opposing team. For Fight parties they would have prizes for those who guessed the round in which the fight would end. My parents definitely have fun together. I could not remember a time when they delved into recreational activities alone or separately. They did everything as a couple, except work.In terms of family vacations, every year my parents, aunts, uncles, cousins, and I went camping in Yosemite. We stayed in logarithm cabins with no doors and concrete floors. During the day, while the men cook, the women would play cards and listen to music. I and my cousins would explore. Our activities were non-structured to keep them arouse and interesting. We would set traps and attempt to capture squirrels and snakes we would make up innovative and creative games to play. Often, we encouraged other families in nearby campsites to join in the festivities. I remember a time when we would even drink piss directly from the running stream. Family vacations are such invigorating experiences that we always look forward to the next even prior to ending the years activities.On a personal perspective, my idea of fun and play is actively seeking outdoor activities especially since I can clearly remember at 7 years old until high school. There were about eight girls and

Harley Davidson in Pursuit for Female Riders Essay

Harley Davidson in rocking horse for Female Riders - Essay ExampleThe project talks about the objective of the event, the marketing scheme use by the lodge to gain success in the market and stay ahead of its competitors and the promotional methods follow by Harley Davidson in respect to the event. Recommendation to HD is not required as it has adopted all the prerequisite strategies needed to make an event a success and HD being a big brand, the brand names is enough for it to generate potential nodes and create awareness. Overview about the Company Harley Davidson is a US based manufacturing company of motorcycles which was founded way back in 1903. Harley Davidson started with a mission to ride with every customer and apply with them the link in each and every market the company serves in order to create a prize value for the stakeholders. The companys vision is to fulfill the dreams of every biker on the road by providing them with unembellished ordinary bikes and with s atisfied experience. Harley Davidson aims to fuel the passion for freedom in their customers and express individuality. Hardly Davidson provides an emotional data link with Harley Davidson bikes and other related products. The company believes in providing superior quality of products because of the trust and brand loyalty the customers shows in the brand and the company1. As male section is often known for their urge to ride a Hardly Davidson and own one, similarly for the womanish riders Harley Davidson has introduced bikes and has conducted events to encourage the female riders to drive their HD. The Harley Davidson community has organize an event for females, the Garage Party mainly targeting the female sections2 . Situation Analysis Situation This project on event management talks about the event that Harley Davidson organizes for its female riders. The events are conducted by the dealers of HD and it continues for around a month in different states of US. HD conducts two e vents for females, the Garage party and women riders month. It was conducted in the month of May when thousands of women crosswise the world came together to become a part of HD. Women participated in events like Garage party and support worthy cause3. Objectives The objective of such an event was to fulfill the dreams of females from learning to ride a HD to buy the adept bike and to ride in the road with great confidence. The event was conducted for a cause which was attended by thousands of females across the world. Marketing Strategy HD had released that the bikes were not only ageing but also the percentage of female customers have increased over the years. The company knew that with a change in demographics the sales could be affect and realized the necessity to tap into the new market segment for females. The companys initial strategy was to take over the brand Buell in order to tap the new market segment. The Buell bike was holy person not only for new riders but also for small riders and particularly for female riders. Seeing the branch in female customers Harley Davidson adopted the marketing strategy of product extension. The company introduced new bikes specially make for the women customers. Women are not only purchasing the smaller and light bikes but according to information on HD website, females purchasing the 883 Sportster Hugger which is designed with lower seat and short

Crisis Management Communication Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Crisis Management intercourse - Case Study ExampleTimothy Coombs developed a three-phase situational crisis dialogue theory that has been choose by organizations to handle the crisis. According to this model, communication during a crisis takes three steps which include the pre-crisis communication approach, crisis management communication and post crisis approaches. In 2010, British Petroleum (BP) experienced superstar of the major crisis to affect the company when one of its offshore drilling sites leaked, leading to a major spill in the gulf of Mexico. This spillage guide to the loss of 11 lives and the loss of millions of gallons of crude oil from the drilling reservoir (Coombs & Holladay, 2001).The spillage affected the write up of the company as it was exposed to major media examination as their mitigation approaches were under scrutiny. However, with the help of the joined States government, the oil spill was contained and the company compensated those who lost their li ves in the crisis. In this paper, Coombs situational communication model during the crisis pull up stakes be used to evaluate the approaches that were adopted during the crisis. The organizations ability to prepargon for the crisis and address the concerns during the crisis impart be addressed. At the end of the crisis, the company was left with a tainted image from massive media scrutiny making post-crisis communication approaches essential to determine how the company regained its image (Wolf & Merji, 2013).Pre-crisis communication is an anticipatory approach adopted by organizations to prepare for how to handle the pressures of a crisis and how the crisis may expose them in a bad light. During this phase, advance(prenominal) signs of a crisis are evaluated and the company makes frantic efforts to address them and ensure that any challenges that may arise are addressed promptly. Before the BP oil crisis, a breach of cement seals at the bottoms of the wells was noted.

Awarding, Negotiating and Administering Contracts Research Paper

Awarding, Negotiating and Administering Contracts - Research physical composition ExampleThe program could be simple or complicated even though it is speculate to delimit what the performance outputs of the statement of work be supposed to be (Garrett, 2007, p. 3). At the same time, the program is supposed to define the technique used to carry out the analyses. This saves time and reserves since the COTR is non observing the ordinary, schedule proportions of the beat, instead of the COTR is aiming of the leading outputs of the contract. The contract administration program is also supposed to contain a whole tone assurance (QA) monitoring plan as a subsection. This is necessary when executing the program since the advancement of much(prenominal) a contract plan offers a outlineatic outline and technique for the COTR to assess services and commodities that dealers are needed to furnish. The QA plan is supposed to aim at the value of the commodity supplied by the asserter and not on the steps taken or processes utilized in order to deliver that commodity. It comprises of suitable work of pre-planned assessments and random spontaneous critiques (Garrett, 2007, p. 3). When a contract is allocated to administration under the watch of the government, the contract administration lag is supposed to perform contract administration roles according to the terms of the national law, and the contract expressions too. The appropriate protocols of the avail agency should also be observed when implementing these contract roles lest else settled for in an interagency contract. Another step include when executing a contract administration program is negotiating address changes and the implementation of auxiliary contracts beneath the constitute accounting principle articles (Garrett, 2007, p. 3). Defining the appropriateness of the contractors accounting method makes his or her systems adequacy in the course of the whole phase of contract performance become vital. The suitableness of the accounting method of the contractor and the affiliated interior control coordination, together with the contractor agreement with the cost accounting standards (CAS) have a huge impact on the value and legitimacy of the contractor information. As a result, the government is supposed to provide a feedback on its administration inaccuracy of the contractor and contract turn (Murphy, 2009, p. 71). The implementation of a contract administration program also involves the analysis and assessment for practical suitableness and the contractors logistics support, sustenance and modification agendas. The contractor ought to also report to the contracting workplace every insufficiencies noticed in details. The contractor ought to also perform industrial assessments of contractor price plans (Garrett, 2007, p. 3). The analysis and review of the contractor-suggested industrial and design researches and submit remarks and commendations to the contracting headquarters as needed. Any change plans made to the contract ought to be reviewed by the contractor for suitable categorization, and when needed, the need for practical appropriateness of design, productivity, and the effect of value, dependability, program and price. Correspondingly, the contractor is supposed to submit remarks to the contracting headquarters. The execution of the contract administration plan also involves helpful bm in assessing and creating commendations for reception on refutation of disclaimers and nonconformities (Garrett, 2007,

Relationship between money supply and the inflation Essay

Relationship amongst bullion communicate and the lump - Essay ExampleHowever, when the presidency securities are purchased from the market, key bank actually inject currency into the market thus increasing the money fork up in the economy. (Mankiw, 2008) Another important method through which money supply can be controlled in the economy is the adjustment in the implication rate. Discount rate is the interest rate at which interchange bank lends to other banks and is excessively serves as the primary rate in any economy. When discount rate is sum upd, central bank therefore invariably makes it difficult for the households and firms to obtain the obtain money at relatively cheaper range thus making borrowing costly. A decrease in the discount rates otherwise because by reducing the rate, central bank makes it easier for the firms and the households to borrow money easily. (Sloman, & Garratt.2010). Inflation and money supply Inflation is an increase in the general price t ake in the economy and signifies a decline in the purchasing power of the money. Normally fanfare is measured through a consumer price advocate where the prices of a fixed basket of goods and services are compared with the prices of the same basket of goods and services at a give base year. An increase in the prices as compared to the base year therefore is considered as an increase in the inflation and hence erosion in the purchasing power of money. A decrease in the purchasing power would mean money would buy fewer things. (Krugman & Wells, 2009) According to the classical economics, an increase in the money supply actually does not root into an equal increase in the aggregate consume for goods and services. As such any change in the money supply will... This paper outlines the relationship between aggregate money supply and the growth of the real GDP and overall level of prices in the economy. atomic number 53 of the central debates in monetary economics rests upon the neutr ality of money and whether money can actually result into the development of price increase or not. This debate is also based on the notion that the central bank of a country actually does not have any role in contribute towards the economic growth because money actually remains neutral and does not result into the growth. Moreover, it is argued that the higher money supply can result into higher prices and thus if money supply is increased, it will create inflation in the economy and will hurt the real economic growth. This is because of the fact that higher inflation level decreases the purchasing power of money quickly.In order to achieve objectives of the economic growth and price stability, central bank adapts different tools and techniques which help it to control the money supply in the economy. One of the most commonly used methods is the open market operations under which central bank actually purchases or sells the governing securities in the market. Another important m ethod through which money supply can be controlled in the economy is the adjustment in the discount rate.According to the classical economics, an increase in the money supply actually does not result into an equal increase in the aggregate demand for goods and services. Classical economists also argue in such situation an increase in the money supply would result into inflation.At the full equilibrium level, a positive change in the money supply would result into inflation and the negative growth rates.

Survey Says More Filipinos at Risk of Lifestyle Related Diseases Essay Example for Free

Survey Says More Filipinos at Risk of Lifestyle related Diseases EssayRecent results of the National Nutrition and Health Survey (NNHeS II) by the Food and Nutrition look into Institute of the Department of Science and Technology (FNRI-DOST) showed that more Filipinos have hypertension, proud fasting blood saccharide and higher(prenominal) cholesterol and triglyceride takes, which ar venture factors to cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and other lifestyle-related diseases.The NNHeS II showed that one in all four Filipino adults (25.3 share) has hypertension or a blood pressure (BP) reading equal to or higher than 140/90 millimeter mercury (mmHg). The prevalence of hypertension significantly increased from 22.5 percentage in 2003 to 25.3 percent in 2008 based on single BP determination.The survey further showed that 11 in each deoxycytidine monophosphate (10.8 percent) have pre-hypertension or a BP reading at the target of 130-139/85-89 mmHg. High BP increases with period starting from age 40-49 long snip.The prevalence of high fasting blood sugar (FBS), an indicator of diabetes mellitus, is 5 in every 100 Filipino, based on the NNHeS II.The prevalence increased, though not significant, from 2003 with 3.4 percent to 4.8 percent in 2008. The prevalence of high FBS or hyperglycemia peaks at age 50-59 years.Moreover, the survey showed that 3 in every 100 Filipinos have impaired fasting glucose (IFG). IFG may progress to diabetes mellitus in a few years if not prevented. Hyperglycemia is an FBS level greater than 125 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), while IFG is an FBS level in the range of 110-125 mg/dL.Dyslipidemia or abnormal lipid levels significantly increased from 2003 to 2008. The NNHeS II showed that one in every ten (10.2 percent) Filipino adults has high total cholesterol level, while 21 in every 100 (21.2 percent) are borderline high. Furthermore, 15 in every 100 (14.6 percent) have high triglyceride level, while 16 in every 100 (15.5 percent) are borderline high.The prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) level increased from 54.2 percent in 2003 to 64.1 percent in 2008. In contrast, the prevalence of high low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) level did not exchange much, from 11.7 percent in 2003 to 11.8 percent in 2008. A person is considered to have a low HDL-c level if the fasting blood measurement is less than 40 mg/dl while a high LDL-c level of the fasting blood measurement is greater than or equal to 160 mg/dl.Hypertension, high FBS and dyslipidemia are major risk factors to lifestyle-related diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and cancer. These lifestyle-related diseases are among the diseases that currently dominate the list of leading(p) causes of death in the country. These are also leading causes of morbidity, particularly diseases of the heart and the vascular system which are the two main leading causes.The government is intensively cam paigning for level-headed lifestyle to prevent these risk factors and diseases. The healthy lifestyle campaign promotes transformation of various settings into healthy settings, such as healthy workplace, healthy-eating place, healthy communities and healthy schools, among others.Message 10 of the Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos (NGF) developed by the Technical Working Group lead by the FNRI-DOST recommends that for a healthy lifestyle and good nutrition, exercise regularly, do not smoke and turn away drinking alcoholic beverages. The NGF also suggests eating a variety of foods everyday, consuming more fruits, vegetables, rootcrops and legumes, as these are rich sources of fiber that help lower cholesterol level and prolong the response time of our body to blood glucose levels, and limiting the intake of salty foods to help prevent hypertension.

Impact of Culture on Health Essay Example for Free

Impact of Culture on Health Essay* What do we cerebrate by last? * Culture is genius of those concepts that most people bet to intuitively grasp, yet tummy non condition clearly. * The process of categorizing groups of people as an new(prenominal)(prenominal)s ( nearly anformer(a)(prenominal) than ones own group) is a habitual feature of the federal agency human worlds think, and it forms a part of the whole phenomenon we think of as burnish. * There separate uses of the term culture that can confuse the situation for example, saying virtuallyone is untold cultured than the separate, referring to any(prenominal) concept of utmost/elite culture, expressed through and through personal manners, education and knowledge, bespeakment in or familiarity with artistic activities such(prenominal) as opera, modern art, calligraphy, dance or theater that is contrasted to pop culture. * expositions they shargon the basic components, existing as a var. of whole and li nks many builds of aspects of life and social structure within a group or society it refers to the proportionship between what people know and believe and what they do it is acquired and shared, more or less, among segments of the group or society and transmitted to members of the group/society over time.* The Classic Definition Cultures is said to be that complex whole which includes knowledge, spirit, art, deterrent examples, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society (E.B Taylor, 1871) * The Symbolic Definition Human culture is a kind of symbolic text, in which deportment, objects, and belief interact together in a kind of ongoing dramatic production that represents issues and concepts of means fr a item society * Members act as characters in this grand drama and what goes on (plot) only set outs sense in reference to an underlying interpretive framework. * Culture as an Ideology play off the concept of culture to a kind of domi nant ideology or to beliefs, social institutions, practices, and media representation associated with finicky configurations of power.* Discourse at any point is linked with a configuration of power and the rules for interpreting what is or is not a valid statement. * Culture Materialist Definitions. Viewing culture primarily as a constitution of belief, practice, and technology directly tied to economic activity or to the adaptation of a people to a particular physical environment. * Linguistic Definition thinking of a culture as a graphic symbol of language. Speakers of the language may use differently, to create slang, irony, humor, or even poetry OR they make adjourn the rules to create a particular effect. BUT it is still the same(p) language and underneath the language is some shared base of understanding ab aside the nature of existence and day-to-day life. * Mental or cognitive Definitions Construct of culture as something primarily in the mind of people within a particu lar group, a kind of shared conceptual framework that organizes thought and behavior. From this perspective, culture is not so untold about what people do, unless about what they think and how that determines what they do.* Culture and Bio heathen Think of culture in relation to the human condition is to understand humans as bio ethnic. It is something that is imposed on the biological world by a society or group of people who amaze, over many years, developed a corpse of beliefs and practices. * How can we define the people who share a particular culture? * Is it a political definition? (most cases no) Is it a geographic boundary? A social boundary? Is it religion? * Culture is not contumacious but evolves as people from one society or group come into contact with other people or as they change over time, their culture changes. * What do we mean by wellness?* Free of disease absence of pathogens and pro launch immune brass * Body functions formly organs, vile and other t runks function as they should * Free of injury and other problems* Eats wellnessy foods food that provides essential nutrients and is exculpate of substances that cause damage to bodily functions. * Engage in wellnessy, preventive behavior basic hygiene, immunizations, sees a desexualize* Avoids risky behavior* To be in reasonable physical shape.* To be in a enduring mental state to be happy, satisfied with life, get along with people* General well being* In some parts of the world, criteria specify by other cultures can interfere with biomedical standards. * To obese can be a sign of wealth or in the case of females, fertility, maternal power and warm personality. * Rites that often involve what we might call health risks yet they are understood to be good and absolutely necessary to proceed to the next life stage. * To understand diverse concepts of health and healthy behavior, it is necessary to think of health in a broader government agency, beyond biomedical. * Health is often very rigorous to ideas within that culture about being well.Chapter 3 Ethnomedicine I Cultural Health Systems of Related experience and Practice.* An ethnomedical corpse can be defined as an applied cultural knowledge constitution associate to health that hardenings out the kinds of health problems that can exist, their causes and (establish on their causes) appropriate treatments as an inter relate system of belief and nature. * It is of key importance when thinking about the cultural aspect of ethnomedical system is that across cultures at that place are different answers to all of these questions, from the range of potential health problems, to causes, to treatments, as well as the closely related question of what kinds of individuals are qualified to provide treatment * Human beings are biocultural some theorists have found it useful to make a distinction between disease (abnormal biomedical state caused by pathogens or physical anomalies) and an illness (a cult urally defined state of not being well, with many culturally defined causes including biomedical). * Disease and illness may or may not refer to the same phenomenon.* Functionally, both systems have the same kinds of elements and in both cases thither is a linkage between the elements. The differences have to do with the detail content, and the means by which cause is determined (with respect to cause in the biomedical case, that includes both research and clinical diagnosis.) * Where the biomedical system categorizes unwell states based on physical symptoms linked to biological causes, the nonbiomedical system may have its classification on combinations of emotional and physical manifestations links to the eldritch causes, disruption in harmony, unstableness in a persons lifestyle or an improper mix of substances and forces. * Personalistic system disease is due to the active, purposeful intervention of an agent where the ill person is the object of action by a sorcerer, spir it or supernatural force.* The general pattern of treatment is to block/counter the spiritual agent with spiritual forces in support of the patient. The center of action (in terms of cause or treatment) is not necessarily within the patient, but in the supernatural world. * Naturalistic system disease is explained by the inert actions of systems based on old historical systems of great civilizations. Illness arise when people are out of balance physically, spiritually, or in some other way. * The pattern of treatment is to restore balance through various combinations of herbal medicinal, meditation, diet, lifestyle changes, or other actions.* A very important principle to call up is that a stipulation over social or cultural group will rarely operate in reference to a single ethnomedical system. The norm for most people is multiple and coexisting ethnomedical systems of some mingle of elements from various types of systems. One system may be dominant, but aspects of other syst ems are in any case potential to be included. * The Placebo Effect and Role of judgement placebo effect the tendency for treatments and pills to have no biochemical or biomedical effect to cause improvement in patient health symptoms. This occurs because of the belief that the treatment or pill has curative properties or because of the ritual process of going to a doctor itself. * Ethnomedical Systems Non-Western Examples* Ayurvedic Medicine (India) * Originates with antediluvian Vedic culture in India and focues on prevention and a holistic concept of health finish through the maitenence of balance in many areas of life, including thought, diet, lifestyle and the use of herbs. * Body is comprised of 3 primary cogency types called dosha each represents characteristics derived from the 5 elements of space, air, fire, water and earth. * Vata subtle energy associated with movement * Pittaconnected to the bodys metabolic system * Kapha associated with body structure* Cambodian/Khm er Health Belief Systems * The traditional system shares some aspects in common with Chinese and other Asian systems in the emphasis on balance. Illness may be attributed to imbalance in natural forces. This is often symbolized or expressed as the influence of wind or kchall on blood circulation illness * South African Health Belief Systems* Among the Shona and other peoples, one aspect of a naturalistic system is understood to be related to the presence of a nyoka or snake in the body. Movement of the nyoka is related to many diseases, including diarrhea, stomach ailments, sexually transmitted infections, epilepsy, mental retardation and others. * Health Belief Systems in Latin America and the Carribbean * Espiritismo common in Cuba and Puerto Rice, synthesis of Afro-Caribbean, French, and possibly U.S. spiritualist. The belief system is that there is both a supreme being and a world of spirits with influence on health that can be accessed through a medium, typically in a group san ce-like setting. * Santeria also found in Cuba and Puerto Rico, blend of West African and Catholic traditions. It is based on the idea that there are many spirits called orishas who are connected to the supreme being and who can be appealed to second in various dimensions of life.* Curanderismo founded in many parts of central/latin America a healer or curandero makes a diagnosis using tarot-type cards or by sweeping a crushed egg or other object across the body of the patient. The idea is that there is a supremem/higher(prenominal) power that is the source of energy, and the curandero is the instrument of that higher power. * Western Example the biomedical system is primarily based on a classification system tied to biological phenomena the action of pathogens (viruses, bacteria), cellular or other biomechanical malfunctions, injuries/system damage, and others. Treatment is, of course, directly connected to generalists or specialists trained to address specific kinds of biomed ical phenomena.Chapter 4 Ethnomedicine II Cultural Systems of Psychology and Mental/ emotional HealthThe Cultural Construction of Mental/Emotional Illness* Anything defined as an abnormal mental/emotional state is also likely to involve a cultural judgement and therefore may say a lot about cultural values and beliefs as a whole at particular moments in history * Ex. drapetomania the disease do negros to run away. It was thought to be a curable disease of the mind, involving sulkiness and dissatisfaction prior to running away, that could be brought on when white slave owners trated slaves too much like human beings, or on the other hand when they were overly cruel and brutal. * Ex. dysaethesia aethiopica characterized by a state of half-sleep and a physical or nervous insensibility that caused them to behave like rascals * DSM reference book for mental conditions that are viewed in Western/biomedicine as abnormal, with detailed descriptions of the etiology, symptoms and treatmen t for each condition. While it is based on scientific/clinical research, the symptoms and descriptions for many conditions passing a fascinating glimpse of the way in which such conditions can be shaped by cultural expectations and changes in such expectations.* Ex. Antisocial Personality Disorder the symptoms seem to outline a kind of personality that could be viewed as troublesome if not criminal but the picture changes when context and culture are added. * Ex. ADHD according to the DSM IV, this disorder is characterized by two sets of symptoms inattention and hyperactivity impulsivity. This is a condition that can cause difficulties and impairs appropriate functioning. But there is room for interpretation. Some elements of hyperactivity and are subjective and depend on culturally related standards for appropriate behavior.The Question of Universal vs. Culture-Specific* Do all humans beings experience the same mental health phenomena or emotional phenomena? * The universalist po sition would argue that human beings have essentially the same psychological makeup a position often referred to as psychic unity * The cultural relativist perspective cultures entail unique patterns of thought and behavior. * Combination of both perspectives cultures shape how emotions and mental experiences are constructed, named, and given meaning, and the living patters of specific cultures tend to accentuate particular stressors that may result in mental health issues. * There do appear to be some mental health conditions that occur in some form across cultures, and so could be seen as universal conditions (ex. depression).* Mental conditions that appear unique to one or a few cultural groups can be thought of in 2 slipway * culture bound syndromes defined as any form of disturbed behavior that is specific to a certain cultural system and does not conform to western classification of diseases * Many of these patterns are considered to be illnesses and have local names. * Pro blems with culture-bound syndromes no suggested steps for how a provider should incorporate cultural factors into the diagnosis or learn what those factors are overlap between some conditions across cultures the process of selecting the culture bound system is unclear* Conditions that are prompted by specific patterns of social stress and/or ecological contexts * Ex. In the Saora community in India there is a peculiar condition among young person men and women who cry and laugh at inappropriate times, experience memory loss and feel like they are being bitten by ants. These young people are considered misfits and are not interested inpursuing the traditional subsistence of farming life. For this, they are under significant stress due to social pressure from relatives and friends. To solve this problem, a marriage ceremony is carried out in which the disturbed person is married to the spirit. Young person becomes a shaman. * Anorexia/Bulimia in the United States* idolize of weigh t gain and distorted view of ones body. This causes people to restrict their eating or binge eat/purge. One of the key contributing factors is the combination of weigh gain during puberty set against perceived social pressure to conform to culturally specific ideals of beauty * Historical Trauma* American Indian/Alaska Native populations have long experienced a range of disparities in health. These peoples suffer from a collective, psychological scar resulting from the experience of violence, culture loss, land loss, discrimination and eventual marginalization that resulted from European colonialism and oppression in the Americas. * Immigrant/Refugee Mental Health Syndromes* Many immigrants and refugee populations coming to the United States and other host countries from civil disasters and other traumatic situations experiences psychological consequences in addition to the stress of acculturation itself. * Emotions and Culture* Lutz and the Ifaluk found that emotions are culturall y constructed. Emotions are a daily working phenomenon.Chapter 5 The Moral Dimension The Relationship of Etiology to ethics in Cultural Beliefs and Practices Related to Health* Cross Cultural etiologies of illness can range from those that seem neutral, like pathogens or genetics, to those that dont like sorcery or family disharmony * In other words, there appear to be some causes for which no judgment can be made or blame assigned, and some that can be blamed on somebody or something, whether the person who is ill, or another person, or another social institution or group. Culture, as reflected in ethnomedical systems, involves socially produced definitions of what is normal vs. not normal. * When a person experiences some abnormal phenomenon (illness) it could be thought of as * Abnormal but morally ok not your prison-breaking* Abnormal but not morally ok your fault or somebodys fault. Can result from stigma. * The moral connection to illness is very much related to several kind s of factors * Cultural conceptions of the individual and the degree to which individuals are viewed as amenable for their condition and their behavior * Most western societies are typically viewed as individual-centric * The degree to which external forces are viewed as responsible for their condition and their behavior* In many cultures, what you do and what happens to you may not originate with you but with other forces. These forces could be attributed to one or more gods, to broader natural forces, to specific spirits, or to sorcery ad witchcraft. The moral source, so to speak, may in part be related to individuals but indirectly. * The kinds of social divisions that exist in a particular society and what those social divisions are held to mean social class/social stratification, gender, washables/ethnicity, religion and other divisions. * Refers to a moral source that is society itself the way in which society creates conditions that make some peole more vulnerable to disea se than others or that forces some people into choices (with health consequences) that others do not have to make. * Physical Symbolism of the Disease* If the appearance of the disease looks like the embodiment of a culturally defined malevolence of some kind, people may react to it regardless of whether or not the dupe is initially held to be at fault. Alternatively, the appearance of the disease may be seem like recite that the person must be at fault or is some way selected for punshement, triggereing a kind of after-the-fact blame. * All of these can lead to the stigmatization of people with a particular illness or disease. * bell ringer the discrediting, social rejection or staining of types of people who are viewed as blameworthy in one way or another. It is the social construction of spoiled identity for classes of people viewed as undesirable by some social standard. The exclusion and abuse caused by stigma may even be sanctioned by law.* Illness Behavior * Two kinds of si ck roles * A set of roles for people who are ill * A set of roles for the other people who interact with the sick person, whether as a healer or family member or even a classmate. * Illness behavior is produced or socially constructed within the framework of a culture. It involves an entire production, in which many players act out their roles and in doing so, work together to produce a result that comes out as the way of a particular illness takes form, and the consequences of that, in a given society. An important result of this and other culturally shaped interactions is to reproduce the culture.

George Orwell 1984 Essay Example for Free

George Orwell 1984 Es presupposeIn George Orwells 1984, Winston Smith and Julia live in Oceania, where their actions become a revolutionist business leader that the political party must control. Oceania, laid in Europe, re stages a totalitarian society in its purest form during the 1940s. Many aspects of Wilsons and Julias daily life in Oceania are monitored and controlled by the Party. From the telescreen to the concept police, every action is under constant surveillance. In order to lift against enlarged Brother, Winston and Julia commit a series of crimes without knowing that OBrian, a member of the inner(a) Party, is watching them intently. OBrian so snitchs Winston and Julia into believing that he is part of the revolutionary group called the Brotherhood. Winston and Julias betrayal becomes inevit satisfactory after their capture because of the psychological supremacy of OBrian and the Party. Winstons physical and mental torture and brainwashing by OBrian and the Ministry of Truth in the name of the Party is what finally leads to his psychological break down.Winstons mutinous character portrays him as a radical, who has the strength to defy the party and its principles. Winston and Julia reconditely meet and it becomes apparent that she shares his rebellious ways. Learning that she has engaged in sexual acts with numerous Inner Party members, Winston finds rely. Winston and Julia, however, rebel against the Party for different reasons. Winston wants to end the harsh oppression of the party while Julias rebellious acts are more self-centered. Winston first demonstrates his hatred of the Party and large Brother when he writes in his diary DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER. He knows at that very moment a camera might stop the written words on the page. Winston continues to flirts with possible arrest by the Thought Police for a thought crime, which is any written or though of rebellion against the Party.Julias rebellious behavior is more to gratify herself, quite then the destruction of the party. Julia defies the party in search of mortalal pleasure. She is content with her life in Oceana because she does non consider a better life not under the oppression of the Party. Julia is interested in the present time with Winston, rather than in exposing the Inner Party secrets. Julia is more rational then Winston because she sets up secret gatherings in places where she knows they pass on be safe. At Winstonsand Julias first private meeting, Julias true colors begin to shine. Cautiously, Winston asks, bring in you d oneness this before? and Julia replies, Of course. Hundreds of times-well, scores of times, anyway replied Julia. Here Julia enlightens Winston about the corruption within the Party, which is music to his ears. Winston is delighted to hear that corruption exists within the Inner Party because the Party is supposed to devour very tight rules and regulation that do not allow corruption within. Winston knows that a ny anarchy that exists within the Party is a sign that corruption dismiss take over and lead to the Partys defeat.Winston believes the Proles are the whole group who can organize and push back against the party. Winston considers the Proles, who are outside of the Outer Party and who live in the worst conditions as the main laborers in Oceania, as human beings, while he mentions, we are not human. At this draw a bead on Winston has complete disregard for the Party pull down though any thought against the Partys ways means death. Winston reckons that hope for freedom lay wholly in the hands of the Proles and in turn, the Proles are the only source of revolt for Winston.Even though Winston and Julia start helping each other, they eventually commit crimes that lead to each others betrayal. Their subversive behavior comes to the attention of the Party and eventually leads to their capture. Winston and Julia arrange secret times to meet in the set and in the upstairs bed live of M r. Charringtons shop. They do this even though they are well aware of the particular that the Party would vaporize citizens of Oceania who are considered threats and have their entire existence erased.After the capture of Winston and Julia, OBrian tortures Winston physically and psychologically to the point where there is no emotion left inside him, besides the love for Big Brother. precisely it was all right, everything was all right, the struggle was finished. He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother. There is no will to fight left within Winston. The only things that he held with importance were Julia and the belief that one day, the Brotherhood would thrive. OBrian breaks him down and takes away the one person he cherished. When he loses his whole stepings towards Julia, all of hiswill is lost and the only love he has is for Big Brother. OBrian does not want to simply torture Winston, unless to psychologically force him to forget his past ways and accept Bi g Brother.Even though OBrian is able to successfully brainwash Winston and Julia into contradicting their prior beliefs, at first Julia still thinks that the Party can make you say anything-anything- but they cant make you believe it. They cant get inside you. Soon, however, she figures out that this is utterly wrong. Julia is beastly as to how much power the Party holds. She believes that they could force you to say anything, but could never force you to feel or think a certain way. In reality, OBrian does indeed have the psychological power to not only make one believe something, but to wish it as well. They cant get inside you, she had said. still they could get inside you. What happens to you here is forever, OBrian had said. Here Julia and Winston realize how wrong they are. OBrian uses the only thing in the cosmos that can make Winston betray Julia. OBrian breaks Winston down with the torture and at this point he realizes he no longer feels the same way for Julia because he has betrayed her. At the time when it happens, she had said, you do mean it. He had meant it. He had not merely said it, he had wished it. Winston was no longer mentally capable to withstand OBrians force to change him.By means of torture OBrian physically and mentally forces the love of Big Brother upon Winston. OBrian accomplishes this finishing by the torture in fashion 101. The room plays a significant role when Winston is locked up in the Ministry of Truth because a fellow prisoner tells him that he would do anything not to return to room 101. The room instills a sense of fear into Winston. OBrian cleverly sets Winston up so that the only way out of room 101 is to place someone else in his shoes. OBrian wants Wilson to betray Julia, and when faced with his greatest fears he breaks down and says, Do it to Julia Do it to Julia not me Julia I dont care what you do to her. Tear her face off, strip her to the bones. Not me Julia Not me Winston is put against the one thing in the w orld that he loves. OBrian believes that in time of fear one will do anything to get himself out of the situation. He wants Winston to give up Julia because he knows that she isthe one person that could raise Winstons spirits. Once Winston betrays Julia, he can no longer confine in her and therefore ultimately forced to be alone. Winston has no choice but to confine in and seek the love of Big Brother.The subversive force the Party had to control was Julias sexuality and Winstons pursuit for the truth. They had to contain it before Winstons beliefs spread to the tidy sum of Oceana. The Thought police would observe the people and cameras on the s manoeuverts, so that no one would consider opponent the Party. Thought crimes and face crimes were thoughts and facial jesters that showed the Inner Party that rebellion was within. The thought police would arrest residents of Oceana for even the thought of deviance towards the Party. Winston and Julia believed they were stronger then the P arty and that they could outsmart it.Their love for each other turned to a love for Big Brother after the psychological breakdown by OBrian and the Party. OBrian took them to the point where nothing was tolerable, and the only option was to give up the person you love and put them in your shoes, so that you would not have to endure it. At this point, there was no longer a will to stay together and deceive the Party. Once Wilson had been brainwashed and betrayed Julia, he was no longer the same person. Under the spreading chestnut tree I sold you and you sold me emphasizes just how betrayal became the downfall of Winstons and Julias subversive force.

Teenage Texting and driving Essay Example for Free

Teenage Texting and campaign EssayWith the advent of the smartphone, life has puzzle much easier for all of us. We can now impinge on a phone call, school text, access social media sites and another(prenominal) pertinent applications all from one device. While the advances in the cellphone industry argon amazing, they pitch spot with dire consequences. Texting charm driving has now become the leading move of death of teenagers in the coupled States, all overtaking drunk driving. Nearly every teenager looks forward to driving, it represents independence and freedom. While this new imbed freedom is great for the teenage number one wood, it represents fear and sleepless nights for parents.Today, not only does a parent accommodate to worry about how their teenage son/daughter is driving but what they are doing while they are driving. In the past, the biggest fear of a parent was whether their child was drinking and driving, which is the cause of over 2,700 deaths and 2 82,000 treated for injuries, per year (Ricks 2013). As a result, drinking and driving has been the leading cause of deaths among teenagers for the past 30 years. However, per the CDC, since 1991, drinking and driving among teenage drivers has dropped over 54%, while 50% of teens between the ages of 15-18 admit to texting while driving (Ricks 2013).This case in teenage driving habits has created a whole new concern among law enforcement and parents. Experts say texting while driving can be as distracting as drinking and driving, and laws banning texting while driving have very little if any effect on stopping the practice. Composing a typical text message is roughly akin to closing ones eyes for nearly five seconds, during which time a railway car going 55 mph covers more than the length of a football field (Savitz 2012).Due to the expert advances of the smartphone, and the fact that 50% of all teenagers admit to texting while driving, deaths of teenagers from texting while drivin g has skyrocketed. The latest data shows that over 3,000 teenage drivers died and over 300,000 were wound last year, as a result of teenage texting while driving. The indemnity Institute for Highway Safety estimates that it is to blame for 11 teen deaths each day (Savitz 2012). These deaths and injuries now make teenage texting while driving the leading cause of death among teenagers in the United States.With laws making no difference on whether drivers text, the number of deaths attributed to teenage texting while driving will only rise in the coming years. We can now manage our whole life from a cellphone, due to the technological advances in the cellphone industry. While this convenience saves everyone countless hours a day, over 3,000 teenagers die and over 300,000 are injured every year from this convenience. Texting while driving among teenagers is at epidemic levels and is now the number one cause of teenage deaths in the United States.Laws are not enough, only knowledge, t raining and a teen driver saying No to texting while driving will stop this epidemic. I for one have give tongue to No. References Ricks D. Study Texting while driving now leading cause of death for teen drivers. Newsday, (Melville, NY) serial online. may 8, 2013Available from Newspaper Source, Ipswich, MA. Accessed September 1, 2013 Savitz E. Naughty, Naughty Nearly Third Of Teens Text While Driving. Forbes. Com serial online. June 7, 201236. Available from short letter Source Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed September 15, 2013

Philosophy in our daily lifes Essay Example for Free

doctrine in our cursory life storys EssayThis essay will discuss how can we apply metaphysics to our daily life as students, including activities and philosophic situations that busy place by dint of the week. The make-up will progress to a picky focus on metaphysics, on how it proudly repairs and relates to a high school students daily life, by using tools regarding this topic by Alain Badiou, forefront Inwagen, Plato, Aristotle and The Matrix.Philosophy is the invention of new problems, until now non altogether situations can be philosophically analyzed. That is why a current philosopher from metaphysics explains in his text The egress how atomic number 18 these situations identified, because currently a very crucial and polemique problem is that most of lot think that philosophical situations atomic number 18 constantly affecting us in every single thing we do, which bullocks most state to mistaken conventionalism standpoints as philosophical situations. Due to that, the author of Thinking the Event has made this writing to help throng to stop using the term ism wrong. The three aspects that differ a normal standpoint with a philosophical situation are choice, distance and break. The root aspect factor every picking to think or non thinking, when a complex and not first-string situation takes place, which means choosing to research and get to have well the problem, or leave it how it is and walk away the second necessary for a philosophical situation is the distance, which is the comparison of the actual situation which is comm except detected as the lawfulness and its farthestness from the power, which in regular situation there is no real distance or racket the last condition is the break, which basically is to realize and accept how different is the event from naive realism as we know it.Cyber blusterous and bullying are new problems that have grown exp superstarntially in the twenty first century, because of the co nstant invention of technology and social ne iirks. The stage of high school is a highly grueling area of both types of bullying and other forms of molesting, however all of these according to the program of Bullying loot With Me, one disclose of quatern students is bullied, from which eighty percent of the times ends in physical aggression. To identify if this is a philosophical situation, the three requirements need to be present. The first one is the choice to think or not to, of why the bully is attacking the bullied the second one is to find the distance in the midst of power and loyalty, in this case the power represented by the bully who is doing this because of any type of problems he has internally, that he projects towards the bullied, who represents the truth that has no reason to deserve the treatment of this teenager the third is the break, which is being able to differ how bullying by this boy is so far from the i plow situation where he has no real problems with the bullied, who has to deal with the aggressive discharges from the damaged kid. The three conditions for a philosophical situation to be detected have been successfully proven, in a given event in a high school students life.This has been an example of a daily problem that numerous students experience in their studies at school, which after outline it has been able to be categorized as a philosophical situation. After knowing how to differentiate regular problems from philosophical situations, it is easier to go deeper into philosophy and learn from one of its branches, which is metaphysics. Van Inwagen defines metaphysics as the study of ultimate reality, which shows a brief explanation of the topic, but still it contains a deep meaning in distributively expression that conforms this definition given by the author. One great mind of this branch of philosophy is Plato, student of Socrates and instructor of Aristotle, who has deeply influenced many authors and philosophy as we know it today. Many high school students go finished a very rough stage in their lives where the image of each person is always compared with the noble-minded one.These images are created or known finished the ones that photoshop editors pick as perfect. They have a huge impact on the lives of high school students, which have created a substantial amount of problems to junior high students such as anorexia and bulimia among other problems because of the authors and editors and the figures that they have created to be the perfect ones and the ones that everybody should aspire to be. Plato discusses the high-minded form or unadorned domain of a function and its influence on occasion. This point taken by the greek philosopher relates to the perfect escort earlier discussed, of how the archetype image of a woman or man should be, which in consequence affects the matter or the bookmans on their body, because theywant to resemble to those icons that the editors have created. T his point is also taken by the picture of The Matrix when Neo is in the white room, chitchatn as the residual image (perfect form of himself) which can be related to the ideal model that the world has created of the human body, compared to the natural apppearence when he is in the real world, where he appears bold and his body is different.The relation of the photoshop form, the residual and the figure on the Matrix from the intelligible (Plato) world are things that highly influence a students life, which show how we are strange prisoners from these images, because these pupils are not common prisoners with shackles and in a prison as Plato mentions on his text The Allegory Of The Cave. Plato mentions the phrase We are strange prisoners because of the uncommon slavery that the world has made us be. This philosopher who lived thousands of years ago saw this polemique, that sustain then was present and after centuries it still is present in a high school students life and in a sc ene such as The Matrix. The film shows everyone as a prisoner from the program (the matrix), that was made by the machines to have all humans controlled so that they could take their energy. fetching into account this motion picture earlier mentioned, there is a relation between the real lives of each person in the matrix with the prisoners of The Allegory of the Cave.This text is about slaves shackled without any movement, who have been akin that all of their lives, inside a core out where they see these shadows and a stories about them on a border before them, with a fire behind to illuminate these shapes. One day the ascertain decides to free one of the slaves who is taken outside the weaken by force. Once the prisoner is out it narrates how difficult it is for him to get employ to the white of the sun and the unusual world before him. For him to be able to adjust to these changes he starts by just seeing shadows, from that the moon and at the end the Sun. After his exper ience he gets back to the cave and he tells the other slaves what he lived and experienced, who posterior mocked him. At the end he gets to the conclusion that he quite a be a poor servant with that knowledge than back in the shadows with ignorance. The Allegory of the Cave has sestet important symbolisms that relate to the lives of many high school students. The first one is the cave, which is the society, the knowledge and costumes that most of the people consider as the absolute truth the second is the fire, representing the knowledge that society gives to each person, which shapemany lives of scholars through with(predicate) their acceptance of these the third one is the prisoners that symbolizes the students the fourth is the shadows, that are the things that learners think they know, which are perceived through their senses the fifth is the shackles, representing the comfort zone where undergraduates stay due to the fear of being judged the final is the light, where they c an in truth find the real knowledge.These symbolisms represent to be part of many of the lives that high school students have through their three years of study, because a great amount of these undergraduates constantly accept rules or truths that others implement on them. These situations reveal one very important problem that they experience when they try to belong to a group. They take the information that group gives them (fire symbolism) and thats what they use as reference point to other activities they face through their day. As consequence they become strange prisoners from that information that is given to them, not allowing them to come out to the light (real knowledge) and experience the real world, which is way to different and more filled up with information about the world. In some cases there are students that notice that they are slaves of information that the groups give them and they decide to leave all that information behind and experience the real world, however for many it is very hard to get accustomed to the real world and its information due to the dramatic change, which in consequence leads them back to the world of shadows. other greek philosopher named Aristotle, who made a huge impact on western philosophy discusses on his studies the four causes that lead a person to be stark(a).These causes are the material (material of what and object is composed of), the formal (the capableness of what it can become or work for), the efficient (tools that shape the object) and the final (its purpose). These four causes are the ones that through reason lead people to accomplish their total actuality (ultimate purpose). The four causes are deeply related to a scholars life, as does any other human being, which can lead them to be virtuous people through the completion of the stages, however when teenagers try to fit in a club the causes come out to be farther away because of the shape that their lives take once they commit to belong to a gro up. high gear school is about fitting in and belonging to a society, where he or she relates to the people within, until now these people usually try to belong to the high and social groups, which dictate a set ofnorms in order to be part of it. These rules are usually doing drugs, drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes and relationships with the opposite gender. They usually lead the subject to an acceptable place within the group, yet these requisites lead the person to move further asunder from their causes and to a virtuous life. Peer pressure assumes an important role in this case, principally because the teenager desires so bad to belong, that he or she will do anything to accomplish their goal.This situation has created polemique, because once you enter high school no person wishes to be at the bottom, without being recognized socially, which builds another wall between the subject and the final cause depending on the type of group that a person wants to belong to and how fa r are the ideologies of the group from the ones of the person. Van Inwagen, a metaphysician debate on how appearances tend to be deceptive and that reality stands behind all these appearances. These, block out the reality and they do this type of scheme through the misleading of what people sense. Many social groups and images that photoshop has ideally formed have highly disguised the truth of perfect and ideal body. In the case of groups they show how not having parents is better (appearance), yet these people suffer of psychological problems and solitude (reality) which they tend to hide with the amazingness of not having elderly people caring for you, leading scholars to have problems with their parents because of the attention and byplay that they have for them that it is bad seen in the teen society.Another case that can relate to the point of Van inwagen of appearances being deceptive is drinking and smoking, which is seen in social high school groups to be fine and withou t consequences (appearances), however drinking and drugs are another way to balance their lack of attention in parenthood (reality). For photoshop they disguise these models with perfect body, teeth, hair, skin among other things when the reality is that these models just stand there and let the photographers take pictures of them, which later are incredibly edited and placed on magazines and big announcements that serve the purpose of projecting an ideal form to sell advertisements among other things. Another important situation of an undergraduate is the effort and results they tend to have at school. Many students consider high school as a social network that leads them to a happy stage of their lives by partying and skipping classes, nonetheless they forget the importance of their education when theyfail classes, which can be occasionally improved, however the way that students deal with failure is why they cannot succeed.Plato teacher of Aristotle debates that an unexamined lif e is not deserving living because even though people experience some discomfort or pain this is only temporary and it is worth it due to what comes next. The temporary pain can be seen in this case as studying more and partying less, that eventually would lead to having good grades, getting into a good college and being successful. notwithstanding if they watch in an unexamined life of ignorance they will live a different type of pain, which will remain there for all of their lives. This last phrase of different type of pain is related to a scholars life when he fails classes and eventually school, leaving him without his or her studies, leading to a bad business and misery. That is why in the Allegory of the Cave, Plato in his conversation with Glaucon mentions how the slave that was set free and comes back to the cave says that he would rather live being a poor servant of a poor master with all the knowledge that back in the shadows.This shows in the students life that if he went out to the real world and saw what he could become and the truth about it, he would not rather be an ignorant teen that only parties who remains in the shadows because he can not see what can happen if he remains the same. To conclude this essay, it has been seen the different aspects that a teenager boy or girl on high school can have and how are they related to the different authors and movie of metaphysics. These authors have one thing in common which is seeking the truth, however their methods to guide them to the goal differ. The two main authors are of greek background, Aristotle and Plato.Aristotle focuses his methods and theory on the sensible realm and later on the intelligible realm, unlike Plato who uses these concepts the other way around focusing on the world of forms or ideal world and its influence on the natural realm. It is for each person to decide the view on which they stand, which could be philosophy being a set of footnotes of Plato Aristotle being superio r than Plato, because he took Platos ideas and improved them or Plato focuses on abstract ideas and Aristotle is concentrated on concrete objects and its development, changes and purposes. This views are for each person to the decide focusing in general on undergraduates and their philosophical situations and how they wish to deal with them by either choosing one of the views or remaining in the shadows.BibliographyBIBLIOGRAPHY Cohen, Marc. The Allegory of the Cave. 11 July 2013. 12 kinfolk 2014 https//faculty.washington.edu/smcohen/320/cave.htm. Cohen, S. Marc. Aristotles Metaphysics. 11 June 2012. 12 kinsfolk 2014 http//plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-metaphysics/. Paul, John. 2 July 2013. 11 September 2014 http//2011bullyingprogram.weebly.com/bullying-statistics.html . Stanford Universuty. Metaphysics. 10 September 2007. 11 September 2014 http//plato.stanford.edu/entries/metaphysics/. Thesaurus.com. Synonims. http//www.thesaurus.com/browse. Unknown. Notes on Alain Badious Thinking the Event. 22 June 2012. 12 September 2014 http//de-bel-aizin.tumblr.com/post/25651855872.

Cross site scripting Essay Example for Free

Cross locate scripting EssayCross- rank scripting is form pic for computer credentials which mainly occurs in web applications that accept injection of code by web users who happen to be malicious such users inject the code into heterogeneous web pages that are used by former(a) web users. The most common codes that are usually injected by malicious web users include scripts of lymph node side and HTML codes. Cross site scripting (XSS) vulnerability which is exploited is usually used by aggressors for by passing the certain access controls, a soundly example of such bypass is a insurance of the same origin. XSS originated from the fact that it is attain adequate for a malicious web site to be loaded into a nonher(prenominal) window or frame and then write or read data using coffee tree script on separate web sites (Rafail, 2001). Cross site scripting vulnerabilities XSS vulnerabilities have been well exploited to get it on up with very powerful browser exploits and phi shing attacks. XSS performed on websites were about eighty percent of all the preserve securities as indicated by the 2007 statistics.In most cases of attack every thing looks to be in put up as far as the cobblers last users are concerned, but they are finally subjected to access which is not authorized, financial loss and loss of sensitive data (Rafail, 2001). The pass across site scripting can be in the main be categorized into two reflected and stored. But there is another type of cross site scripting which is not widely known, called DOM. The stored refer to those codes that once injected are stored in the target servers permanently.They can remain permanently in the message forum, database comment field, or in the visitor log. The reflected XSS attacks, are the codes which when injected, the web server is reflected off as a search result, an error message or other forms of responses that may include all or some of the input that was displace to the various servers as req uest in part. Usually the reflected attacks are sent to the victims through other channels such as electronic mail messages, or through other web servers.Once a user is lured into clicking a link which is malicious or is tricked to submit a form which is specially crafted, the code that has been injected travels via the web server which is vulnerable, the reflected attack is in turn sent substantiate to the browser and the code is then executed as if it originated from a reasonable server (Rafail, 2001). The consequences of cross site scripting attacks are primarily the same regardless of whether they are DOM based, reflected or stored. The main difference the manner in which the pay load enters the server. Cross site scripting is loose of causing various problems to the end users.The problems range in severity, they can cause annoyance to the end users as well as complete loss of accounts. The most serious attacks of XSS result into disclosure of the users information and data t hus giving the attacker to actually seize the session of the user and thus be in a position to comfortably take over the users accounts. The XSS expose the end users to other damaging attacks such as Trojan programs installations, disclosure of files belonging to the end users, redirecting the web user to other sites or pages, or modification of the contents.A cross site scripting vulnerability that allows the attacker to change certain news item or a press release is capable of affecting the stock price of an organization or decreasing the confidence of the consumer. For example a cross site scripting vulnerability on a site of a pharmaceutical can allow the attacker to alter the information of dosage which might result into over or under dosage (Rafail, 2001). Flaws in an XSS are at times very difficult to establish and get rid of them from web applications.In order to find such flaws, the best method to use is performing a review on the security code and too to perform a thoro ugh search in all possible areas where HTTP input request can easily finds its way into output of the HTML. It is very important to note that various tags of HTML tags can be effectively used in transmission of java scripts which are malicious. Nikto, Nesus positivistic other tools which are currently available in the market can be used in scanning the websites but they are less effective since they are only when capable of scratching the move up and are not capable of eliminating all the flaws in the system (Snake, n. d. ).Preventing XSS attacks Once a web site becomes victim of XSS attack the end user is likely too loose a lot of authoritative data and information. It is therefore, very important for people to protect themselves against such attacks. One of the best ways of preventing your ego of becoming a victim to an XSS attack is failing to respond to a request that is unsolicited by providing your personal details. Such information should not be provided whether it is ov er the meshing or the phone.Users should know that the internet and e-mail pages that are usually used by the XSS attackers look similar to those used by the veritable institutions and it might be quite hard to distinguish between the two. So if one believes that the involvements could be valid them they should contact the institution in question themselves. They can do so by either tour the companys website and instead of using the provided link one should actually type the address or use a page that you might have book marked earlier.One should initiate the contact using the information that you have verified (Naraine, 2009). Conclusion Cross site scripting is a serious fraudulent activity and once one falls prey to it can end up loosing significantly. It is thus good to increase awareness of such vices so that when people are targeted for such acts they can be able to identify them and subsequently be in a good position to protect them. The end users should also do all that is possible in order to conceal their vital information and ensure that it is only given to the relevant authorities when needed.It is also important to keep scanning their system regularly using valid tools. Reference Naraine, R. (2009) Phishing without bait The in-session password theft attack, Retrieved on 1st June 2009 from, http//blogs. zdnet. com/security/? p=2390. Rafail, J. (2001) Cross-Site Scripting Vulnerabilities, Retrieved on 1st June 2009 from, http//www. cert. org/archive/pdf/cross_site_scripting. pdf. Snake, R. (n. d. ) XSS (Cross Site Scripting) Cheat Sheet Esp. for filter evasion, Retrieved on 1st June 2009 from, http//ha. ckers. org/xss. html.