A Brief Look at the Quality of a Translation Essay

Abstract The article is an evaluative movement on a comment of Faulkners insane asylum by Farhad Qebraii. To do so the standard norms ar got from Blum Kulkas article transmutations of gumminess and coherence in explanation and the train of accepted changes through the shift is requireed. The interlingual rendition by Qebraii is accepted as a dependent one based on the factors analyzed through the constitution. Introduction Through the accomplish of explanation virtu entirelyy changes amount within the crop (Surface Structure) and the meaning components (Deep Structure) of the base school textual affair. These changes are considered to be inevitable in translation.Due to the differences in the grammatical social organizations and linguistic features of languages in that respect seem a logical reason for much(prenominal)(prenominal) a phenomenon . In 1986, Shoshana Blum-Kulka in her article Shifts of cohesion and coherence in translation went through the changes (shifts as she c exclusivelys) in translation. She do a compare amid the complex body part of the rise and that of the tar set out language and elaborated on the logical shifts that may occur through the attend of translation. Here, the aim of the evaluation is to assess the forest of the translated version of the work Sanctuary by William Faulkner.To do so, the structural features of some(prenominal) English and Persian language (as SL&TL) should be investigated and based on that and the concept of Blum-Kulkas article assess the step of translation. According to what Blum-Kulka says in her article, the negotiation of meaning between unlike move of a text is based on the assumption that subsequent turns are related to each other in Coherent centerings. This is the covert kinship between the parts, merely on that point is another star, visible in the uprise social organization of the text, which is called Cohesion.These two elements change through the tra nslation execute to civilize the drive text. But sometimes the high direct of changes brings just about some mismatches between TT and ST which lower the spirit of translation. The overall purpose of this paper would be detecting these aspects from BlumKulkas view point. Whether the translation is qualified or not is in some manner a subjective matter just because of the whimsical elements be spaciousing to translation. From the very beginning, there expect been conflicts among those who get word translation as a work of art and those with scientific approaches.There have been likewise m whatsoever translations with high level of acceptability and, when study, no signs of newly arrived norms for translation. These all indicate that in this field there seem not to go a categorical law and what is put one overn as a qualified translation in artistic viewpoint may lack the quality of a good work in scientific scope. Methodology To rate the quality, there would be one by one comparison between the meaningful units of both ST and TT of the work. These all would be done with regard to linguistic features of both English and Persian.To do so, in discussion variance of the paper there would be a brief explanation about the linguistic features ( specially grammatical points) of both languages to clarify some requisite points. To a further study and in a more nice way there would be some(prenominal) exemplifications and for each enough back up ideas based on Blum-Kulkas article. in the long run, the conducted work would lead to an blushtual closure to show the quality of the work based on the factors mentioned within the paper. give-and-take Over a long period of time there have been too m all discussions on the flavor of translation.Whether it is an art or a science, or maybe a mixture of both has been the fundamental pop of majority of the good examples. If the literature is reviewed, there seem to be no top criterion to clarify the noti on of translation. Here, I want to offer my receive understanding of the matter. To the best of my knowledge due to the fact that when translating we deal with several(prenominal) subjects such as culture, hi news report, scientific issues, linguistic features of languages, and semantic structures of both ST and TT, the representative should have general knowledge of both source and target language.This nub that for sure translation is partly a science because the translator is hypothetical to have a complete knowledge of both languages. But there is a significant point here which deals with artistic aspect of the matter. deem there is a peace of poem or other tell apart of literary text which is to be translated. Here the translator is expected to consider both semantic and syntactic structures of the source text along with the impromptu sense and emotions of the poem which are to be instilled by the other elements in the structure of the work.If the translator loses the ar tistic sense of the work through the process of translation the final work would be regarded as an ordinary and not exceedingly qualified work because no special attention has been paying to the extra linguistic features of the work. So to evaluate the translated work of a text some fundamental cornerstones should be regarded. First the translator must particularize the text. By this he can choose the correct translation regularity regarding the text structural features. Then and with honor to the method the translator starts the work. instantaneously the final work must observe some necessary cornerstones of a qualified translation if the steps and the notions are regarded. In this article the principal(prenominal) purpose is to look at the translating elements of the work Sanctuary by William Faulkner with respect to Blum Kulkas article and assess the quality of the translation. To do so graduation there is a brief look at the structural traits of both Persian and English as two ends of the work and then figure some examples from the texts to clarify the notion. At the next step the level of the appropriateness is evaluated based on Blum Kulkas article about cohesion and coherence.Finally the work is evaluated according to the factors mentioned through the paper. In English it is usual to commence wide variety of complex decrys with highly descriptive adjectives within different sorts of texts, and specially novels. This is while in Persian due to grammatical structure of the condemns there seem not to be such a case and, except for some high literary texts, in majority of the cases there occur more clearly written sentences in a bare(a) conformity. This significant difference brings about some mismatches through the process of translation. more(prenominal) often than not Persian translators try to break the complex structures of the long English sentences into more concise and highly clear sentences in their translation. In the work Sanctuary W illiam Faulkner does not use complex sentences and transfers the intentioned sense by some crystal clear sentences but when checked we can get that Qebraii, the translator, has professionally transferred the original sense by making the near forecast sentence structures which are really like the source ones. Some examples are made here 1.His face had a queer, bloodless subterfuge, as though seen by electric light against the sunny silence, in his slanted husk hat and his slightly akimbo arms, he had that vicious depthless quality of stamped tin. ? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????.?? ?? ???? ????????????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? .??????? In this part of the translation we can clearly find out that the translator has tried his best not to miss the original surface structure of the sentence by following the form of the English version in Persian structure.He has done this in a very detailed and faithful way and there seem to be only a nuance of difference in the translation version of the work. But it seems that Mr Qebraii has apply the sense for the surface structure of the work where he misses some pieces of messages in his translations. Look at the part His face had a queer, bloodless color here the translator accommodates the original structure remained in the translation but the sense is not transferred thoroughly. Bloodless is translated as ? ???? ?? ???? which seems not to be an accurate equivalence.It was better to use more artistic phrase instead of this emotionless correspondence. Here Mr Qebraii has paid too practically attention to the structure quite a than the message and the sense. Or sunny silence is rendered as ? ???? ????? ?????? the same story happens here. 2. The other mans coat was still across his ar. He lifted his other hand toward the coat, out of one pocket of which protruded a crushed felt hat, from the other a book. ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???. ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????.?????? ?? ????? ?? ? ?? ??? ???? ??????The grammatical structure of the source text is remained untouched through the process of translation. We have the most scratchy structure in the translated version along with clear understanding of the sentence in which there is the same message as the original. This indicates that the translator has been sure-fire in transferring both the structure and the sense of the source text. At the fit part of the sentence we see the phrase a book which appropriately is transferred into Persian with the exact surface structure and sense and also the form of the sentence is kept untouched.In above mentioned examples we can draw the conclusion that with regard to the structural differences between Persian and English and the form of the sentences in these two languages the translator has been so successful in keeping the form of the sentences identical in both versions, the original and the Persian translation of the work. direct we refer to Blum Kulkas article. According to what she suggests in her article, in a text there are two significant notions cohesion and coherence by name. Cohesion is an overt descent holding between parts of the text, uttered by language specific markers.Coherence, on the other hand, means a covert potential meaning relationship among parts of a text, made overt by listener or reader through the process of interpretation. On the both levels there exist differences between the languages. When a text is translated from one language into another the level of text coherence or cohesion is changed based on the structural features of the target language.These changes are considered to be logical to some extent. But if the level of shifts are too frequently the translation would be classified as an under standard translation and the quality would be in a low level. Through the fo llowing part the shift in Cohesion and the Coherence of the texts allow be detected. Coherence As pointed out by Hallyday and Hasan (1976) cohesion ties do much more than provide continuity and thus create the semantic unity of the text. Particularly in literature, the choice of cohesive markers can serve several functions in the text. Accordingly the translator is supposed to observe the accepted level of shifts through his translation which is due to language differences.To some extent the shifts in cohesion is acceptable but if the changes are too much the translation would be of low quality. In this point of the paper we want to take a look at the coherence of the sentences of the work Sanctuary and that of its translation ? ????? by Farhad Qebraii. As mentioned earlier, coherence is not a clear notion and does not have a visible marker in the text. any audience or reader will get the semantic relationship between the text components through some sorts of interpretations.We al l know that any component in the text has a relationship with the other components and they all get together to transfer a unified message. Now if the subcategorized elements in the texts are changed due to translation process there may bulge a mismatch between the source and the target text. These changes may occur due to cultural, historic, or lingual differences in languages. In sanctuary there seem to be no cultural factors which cannot be translated into Persian and Qebraii has transferred somehow the all message completely into Persian.So we can say that this translation is highly qualified from the coherence point of view. Cohesion On the level of cohesion, shifts will occur through the translation in a way that the translation seems to be more explicit than the original work and this is cat valium in almost all the cases. But for a translation to be of high level of quality the translator should try his best to keep the unwritten messages and covert factors untouched and d o not use too much terminology to express the meaning explicitly. In the work Sanctuary the author has made concise sentences to bring about succinctness and debaucher in his text.We see that the translator has kept this factor remained in the target text. As an example, Qebraii has translated the part The other man stopped his hand. its a book to ?. )??? ??? ?? ???? ????. (????? Here we see that Qebraii has not made the translation more explicit rather he has shorten the length of the Persian sentence with regard to the message not be lost through the translation process. Of course in the above example there is a shift in the form of the sentence from active to passive which has exacerbate the quality of the translation because the meaning is not transferred appropriately.But altogether the sentences are organize in a way that they are similar to the original one. The crux of the matter is that no one can certainly put the distinguish of good or bad translation to any work and it goes without formulation that evaluation of translations is a subjective act. But based on the detections it seems that most of the translation criteria are observed in this case and farhad Qebraii has kept the structure and the message along with each other almost through the full part of the work. Thus his work is ranked among the highly qualified translations even if there are some translation mismatches in his translation.Implications and Applications The crux of the matter is that, no progression is made when no evaluative research is conducted. every developed phenomenon has its progressive background through which there has occurred variety of investigations. When checked and have a spectrum of works under control through the time, the deficiencies will be singled out and reformed. No one can claim that his work has been in its recent high position from the very beginning. Hence, there is a none written role of thumb necessitating us to discuss any work and come up with c onstructive comments on it .To cover what is verbalize the translation of the Sanctuary will be worked on and any promiscuous and strong point will be mentioned through the main paper. It is hoped that such an assessment would influence the translators and make them try their best to create highly acceptable works and we see a developmental process in this field. References Khazaeefar, A. (1388). A textbook of literary Translation. Tehran Samt Publication Newmark, P. (1988). A casebook of Translation. Prentice Hall Blum-Kulka, Sh. Shifts of Cohesion and Coherence in Translation.