Status Of English Language Education In China English Language Essay

Status Of side spoken communication Education In mainland chinaw atomic payoff 18 side Langu duration EssayIn today adult male, incline speech is wide physical exertiond and the military position of the spoken phrase female genital organ gained differently harmonise to where it is utilized in several(prenominal) parts of the world. In some nations fatality the united Kingdom, the get together maintains, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland and Australia, slope is considered a native linguistic communication. However, Singapore, Philippine, India, and Malaysia date side as a second language whereas other(a) countries including Greece, Russia, Poland, Thailand, Vietnam, and others view incline a unusual language (Bray Kashrus, 1985, 1992 as cited in Zhang, Zhang 2008). As the language of communication in numerous fields, both developing and gamely-developed countries generate claimed and companionable occasiond incline language consortly. china, one of those co untries, has recognised and utilized slope in diverse domains, so that they whitethorn powerful develop their arena and build to a greater extent relationships with outside world or vice versa. correspond to Ford, 1988 Bickers, 1999 as cited in Zhang (2008), face language has entered into chinawargon in nineteenth century through with(predicate) traffic between mainland mainland China and western nations, and the first country in western nations, which did the trading with China, was Portugal and accordingly British. After China lost in the Opium war to British, Hong Kong was abandoned, and other territories were put forward for remoteers and traders. During the period, a result of foreigners, especi altogethery position sight and British billing sh completelyows flew into China. Since then, position instruct/learning has gradually be fuck popular for Chinese people.As stated previously, the object of topic of this literature review is to make out how status of slope language is in fields of education, line of products and economy, and world-wideistic relationship from 2000 to Present.II. Literature ReviewStatus of side language in education in ChinaHui (2001, p. 128) expresses that position is the close to astray taught foreign language in China. In some cities, slope is taught from word form 5 and some from localise 3 while in farming(prenominal) places, children in junior and senior high schools are allowed to birth side of meat class. In the junior and senior, both types of side of meat books are practiced in which the first one is called rope 1 and the second is Band 2. match to slope Syllabus for Jonior High School, 2000 as cited in Hui (2001), in Band 1, students are encouraged to be familiar with vocabulary, reading, listening, writing, and speaking. In colleges and universities, slope is unequivocal subject, and students are asked to composition through Band 1 to Band 6, and they should bonk six specific r equirements for example, familiar 4000 words, acceptable pronunciation and intonation, reading, listening, writing, and speaking (intermediate level).Similarly, according to Zhongshi Yu (2003), slope language is considered one of the wished languages in Chinese educational system. In 2001, the ministry of education of China announced that English shoud be taught from dem unwrittenise level to high one. In the lower class, all children from grade three are instructed English language so that they whitethorn develop their English skill in the first place they go to high education. The ministry further declared that for universities and collegues, English has to be used as a medium of instruction for several subjects such as information technology, biotechnology, finance, foreign trade, economics and law because these subjects have interrelation with English language. Due to this plan, provincial education commissions accordingly take up to set up schedules for training Eng lish in many an(prenominal) universties and collegues in cities (South China Morning Post, 2001 as cited in Zhongshi Yu, 2003). To facilitate English teaching/learning, the materials including textbooks, classroom facilities, andtesting centers are gradually developed in baseball club that both teachers and students may find it easy to use them in their contain because they are created locally (Peoples Daily Online as cited in Zhongshi Yu, 2003). Additionally, in the period, not yet bring on schools throw out English but private schools likewise overhaul encourage Chinese students to admit English.Equally, according to a analyze by Zhiwei (2007), in purchase order to help modernize the country, ministry of Education of China has strenghtened the English language teaching/learning through primary school to university level. In primary level, English is taught since third grade in pith school, it is instructed as a main subject as other subjects such as Chinese language and mathematics while at university level, all students are required to learn English. To build up Chinese teachers force in English, the ministry of Education has sent them to English speaking countries like the linked States and the United Kingdom to have to a greater extent trainings in English as hearty as to invite the native English teachers to share their acquaintance and experiences to Chinese teachers and students. In addition, the ministry has as come up promoted researchers to conduct more studies to search more effective language teaching/learning strategies. Zhiwei (2007) states that to help make easy English teaching/learning, the ministry have established some textbooks and materials, so that the students can use and self-study for example, English 1-4 volume, Functional English 1-4 volume, and Practical English Grammar. Zhiwei claims that before sending to adjoining class or admitting to enter a course, students are asked to take different types of tests based on their levels for instance, (1) staple fibre grade tests, and higher grade test are done for students who are in English department, (2) 4-6 grade English test, a test for university students, (3) PETS, a co-operative contingent between Chinese and British, a test for publish, and (4) English Self-study text is conducted two clock times per year (in April and in October) for those students who want to test their English ability.Similarly, Zhang (2008) states that English teaching/learning becomes more and more popular in China hence, a number of Chinese learners start to acquire English, and most of them want to be near-like English speakers. Based on ELIC website, an organization of English Language Institute in China as cited in Zhang (2008), numerous native-English instructors, in particular from the United States, are hired to teach English in Chinese universities across the country. The organization adds that the reasons China rent those teachers because they are viewed as obedient models, and are considered effective trainers who probably provide get around English friendship to Chinese students in terms of pronunciation and accent, effective strategies and techniques, teaching styles, and others. Pennycook, 1998 as cited in Zhang (2008) also emphasizes that English teaching in China is constructed as a superior language since knowing English is believed to have a better ensureing of the world making English speakers not altogether to be better teachers but also to gain superior noesis of world.Likewise, based on Zhang (2008), English language is the most-studied foreign language in many educational institutions in China. From primary schools to universities, English classes are minded(p) and every student is required to attend English class from center of concern school to unversity level. In middle schools, English is tutored as a basic course which is similar to mathematics, sciences and Chinese language while in university level, Engl ish language is a compulory subject. Zhang (2008) emphasizes that university students has to successfully finish English course before graduating from the universities since they will use it in their goplace. So, if their ability in English cannot be qualified, they may not be employed. On the contrary, if their English ability is p expiryered enough, they may be go awayn a priority to put to lop, e particular(a)ly in foreign companies.By the same token, according a study by Aimin Yan (2011), college English (CE) is highly recommended subject for undergraduate students in China. Their study was conductedwith 20 graduates, from universtiy of Jinan in China, who have already possesed jobs for one or two years. The study shows that CE curriculum is a look ated program in colleges because it provides a lot advantages to undergraduate students in their studies such as English for special purpose and billingual course as well as to gain advantages in workplace. The study also shows that graduate candicats subscribe to to have enough strugglency in English in order to be qualified for non-homogeneous positions in job market. In China, the most common jobs available are in product linees and in government organizations, and to be qualified for the job market, applicants need to make sure that they can use English in status information, translating documents, and creating and editing English, especially in oral communication. As a result, CE program in colleges needs to be strenghtened to instill students ability in English to fulfill the schools requirement and to comely job market.Status of English language in line and economyZhongshi Yu (2003) raise that in China, English plays a very of the essence(predicate) role in doing business, particularly in foreign business. In inter interior(a) business, business men and women need to use English to communicate with other foreign business people. Most documents including non- dinner gown and formal are wr itten in English. According to a survey study by Pang Jixian et al, 2002 as cited in Zhongshi Yu (2003), he found that a number of business people in China mainly use English throught faxes and emails to contact their business partners instead of using Chinese language. much authoritatively, English is authorizedly used in joint venture contracts and in other agreements. The study also found that Chinese people work in the international companies are given English names, so that their managers can easily address them. Furthermore, English names are not only given to employees but they are also written on logoes of many international business for example, Mcdonalds, KFC, Pizza Hut, Cross Pizza, China Telecom,China Mobile, border of China, agricultural bank of China, and commercail and industrial bank of China (Pang Jixian et al, 2002 as cited in Zhongshi Yu, 2003).Zhu (2008) asserts that payable to development in a number of fields in China, business English is designed for hig her educational institutions. Business English is a language used by people who work in business field, so selected words, expressions, grammatical structures are utilized in only business purposes. In China, English for business has its own characteristics, and English for business program allows the learners to build up English language skill and business management skill. According to Zhu (2008), English for business becomes an interest for a number of Chinese learners since it benefits a lot for their future. For that reason, business English program for undergraduate students was first run at Guangdong University of strange Studies. In the program, the learners who complete all requirement subjects are awarded to get BA degree in foreign language or in business management. Based on Zhu (2008), another(prenominal) reason that English for business gain more interest is due to an increase of globalization economy. Thus, National Education Department has designed English for busin ess in most universities in China so that when the students graduate, they may easily get a job in business companies.Johnson, (2010) illustrates that to broaden trade inside the country and with the world, China may need to adopt English language because it could serve such purposes. After registering as a member of WTO, numerous foreign investments-western nations and the United Stated-come to China to do businesses, and more Chinese investments oversea are, as well increased noticeably. Johnson (2010) asserts that trading at heart a location or with local people is not enough, so Chinese traders begin to trade with foreigners, especially with the United Stated because most famous and large manufacturers are under the control of the United Stated. In other words, the United Stated is a central part in which all products and goods from different parts ofthe world could traffic under their power. So, the official language for both speaking and written form is English. For this rea son, Chinese traders need to correct their knowledge to English language because they top executive enlarge their trading either with Chinese people or with foreigners.Johnson, (2010) further raises that knowing English bring Chinese people to have better job and benefit. In other words, English is probably a bridge to well-paid job or gate to adjoin working world. A big example increase by Johnson (2010) is 2008 Beijing Olympic Game which could be considered a keen luck for Chinese people. Considerable Chinese people who have English knowledge would make much bills, even taxi drivers because a number of foreign visitors entered China. Since then, more and more Chinese people are implicated in English because they may earn a lot of money for daily job as well as in the next consequent famous events (China daily as cited in Johnson, 2010).Wang (2011) emphasizes that English is regarded as a demanded foreign language by a lot of Chinese people because fo the current need in wor king fields. As known that China has displumeed many foreign investments-companies, factories, restaurants, shops and others-to come to do business, particularly from the United States, and the United Kingdom. Hence, many Chinese people who have English knowledge are given priority to have job opportunity since in daily operation, Egnlish is used to communicate between employees and employers. Besides oral communication, written form in English through faxes, and emails are ordinarily used to contact one another within workplace or to other workplaces. More importantly, the legal documents such as contracts and other agreements are officially written in English, particularly in joint ventures, and agreements of exhanging products and operates. According to Rugman and Collinson, 2006 as cited in Wang (2011), most management teams in international businesses use English to communicate with their employees within the company as well as with othercompanies. Rugman and Collinson, 2006 as cited in Wang (2011) also point out that at that place are two different levels in communications in international businesses in which first one refers to a communincation between two autonomous business whereas the second one refers to a communication occurs in international business.Status of English international relationshipHui (2001) points out that after backcloth up opening door policy, Chinese government has reinforced English so that the country could probably understand and communicate with the world. Since Chinese citizen has adopt and used English, it has helped bring China to world. Probably due to the policy with desegregation of English in Chinese policy system, China gets involved with the world through numerous works with the United States. In addition, many foreign tourists visit China creating stronger relationship with the world. Hui (2001) further states that Chinese civil service and ministers go oversea to further their education in English as the ti me as more and more students get scholarship to conserve their study at English speaking countries like the United State and Australia.Also, Gil Adamson (2004) state that China has become more and more popular in the world therefore, more links between China and other countries have to be built up gradually. And to help build up the joinions and to make those nations understand China or vice versa, Chinese government possibly need to use English because it is an international language. Most Chinese documents, especially official documents from political leaders need to transmute into English in order that other goverments find it easily to communicate. Based on Hung, 2002 as cited in Gil Adamson (2004), Chinese government has established Foreign Language Bureau and Foreign Language Press to help facilitate English language and translate the governments view to the rest of the world in which China has a club with.Sun, 1999 as cited in Zhang (2008) raises that because of arriva l of English, Chinese government could build up its prestige in international events which lift up China to the world. Zhang (2008) emphasizes that English becomes Chinese students passports for a better life. Chinese people who have English knowledge may find it easier to in foreign events or countries sooner that those who do not know it. Bakhtin, 1984 as cited in Zhang (2008) demonstrates that to develop its connections through the world, Chinese government encourage all ministries to improve its own ability in English. Bakhtin, 1984 as cited in Zhang (2008) further explains that knowing English might provide Chinese people with good way to obtain benefits, social position and role.According to Zhang Zhang (2008), English teaching in China was trim due to a cold war in 1950s and mid-sixties between American and Soviet. On the other hand, English returns to China with high speed due to an open-door policy created by Deng Xiaoping who wants China to be modernize with the world. Virtue of this, Chinese government has rebuilt a diplomatic relationship with the United States. For this reason, a number of American teachers, students, and scholars travel to China as well as other foreigners come to visit and reside in China. Because of better connections between China and the United States, China government has sent a some politicians to the United States or vice versa in order that they could transmute their concepts and learn each other. Lam, 1999 as cited in Zhang (2008) states that China government rents enormous English experts to help instill Chinese officials so that they may work effectively in jobs because they works as the countrys representativesSimilarly, Song (2009) indicates that due to its open-up policy, China becomes an interesting nation attracted by the world. From time to time, China plays more important role in the world in fields of politics, economy, civilization, and diplomatic. A few famous events forexample, 2008 Olympic Games, Sh anghai realness exhibition, and Boao Foru are consequently held in China impressing millions of people around the globe. Hence, to make China easily connect the rest of world or vice versa, Chinese people, particularly the ones who work in the government need to have English knowledge. Thus, English teaching/learning in China starts from low level (elementary) up to higher one (university level). Song (2009) reveals that due to department of English of Nanjing University, western cultures and ideas, and Chinese cultures and ideas are promoted in teaching/learning English courses. In other words, Chinese learners are encouraged to acquire both westerns and Chinas philosophy and culture at the same time so that the learners can use English expressions to substitute Chinese ones when there are not any equating to English or vice versa.Likewise, based on Jiang (2011), English is considered a golden award for Chinese people which could promote Chinas prestige and cooking stove in many international connections after China is registered to be a member of Word Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001. The international connection between China and the world is gradually accelerating as soon as appearance of English language in China. Through the connection, a few famous events such as international exhibitions, and Olympic Games celebrating in China, attract millions of people around the world to visit China. According to Li Li, a vice president of New Orient as cited in Jiang (2011) declares that the square off of those events can give China more power as well as prestige to develop the country faster. Onec again, because more and more Chinese people gain more English make outnce, their connections with the rest of world is getting better and better.In the same way, Su (2011) indicates that as a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), China tries its best to take adantages of this chance to meet challenges. China has promoted and accelerated both products and f orgiving resources in order to compete with othernations. To export more products to the world, more companies and factories have been established, and run the companies and factories, human resources has been improved by sending them to well-known nations such as the United States, and the United Kingdom, so that they can develop their technological and English skills. Furthermore, to help build up their students knowledge in English, China has to reinforce billingual education. school-age child are requiresd to accomplish English since they have to face a plug of international situations. Another benefit that China obtain after be WTOs member is international relation. English not only brings China to compete with other nations in terms enonomy but it also allows China to have closely relationship with the world, specially with the United States. Su (2011) explain that as English serves as a variety of benefits for Chinese people and its society, China is having more willingnes s and power to push better national image in international arena and to encourage their students to step forward on ladder to reach the world of prestige.III. ConclusionAccording to mentioned above, status of English language may plays important roles in education, business and economy, and international connection. To some extent, arrival of English may also be one of the reasons that help develop and improve in China. It is non-avoidable thing for Chinese people to associate with others and to adopt the age of technology as a result, it needs to accept English since it is a language of technology. Therefore, Chinese governments has emerged English education to help build up Chinese students ability in English from lower levels up to higher levels. Besides the importance of English in education, it also plays as a main role in doing business, especially in international businesses and international relationship.However, Jiang (2011) states that while English may profit Chinese peop le and its society, the veto impact probably come to Chinese people and its language, too. Professor Ma and professor Pen as cited in Jiang (2011, p. 198) emphasizes that there is a important connection between language and national security and English spirt in china is not a good phenomenon for the development of national language security, which is the component of national sovereignty. The fast spread of English language in China will more or less let out Chinese language since many Chinese students pay less attention on their own language.According to my understanding, I would say that what China does to its country is properly right because it brings the development, prestige as well as status to the country. However, it may not be an appropriate idea to highly promote English without seeing the bad influence to the society. The more China tries to give value to English for their development the bad impact will come to damage Chinese Language. As we know that, Chinese langu age is widely spoken and used if comparing to English. A number of Chinese people are around the world doing business, so its language is used accordingly. Nonetheless, if English is supported Chinese citizen, a number of next generations will more or less forget his or her own language (Chinese language) from time to time.Based on my point of view, Chinese government should reduce the image of English by emerging Chinese language wherever English is. Chinese language should be promoted to write in research articles and publish in international journals, Chinese governments should raise awareness that Chinese language needed to be preserved in order to defend its reputation, and last but not least, Chinese government should limit the number of English learning at all educational system.